UNIT 6: THE ENVIRONMENT
LANGUAGE FOCUS
I. ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS:
A. Nhieàu traïng töø chæ theå caùch trong tieáng Anh ñöôïc hình thaønh baèng caùch theâm LY sau tính töø. Neáu tính töø taän cuøng baèng Y thì Y ñöôïc chuyeån thaønh i tröôùc khi theâm LY. Neáu tính töø taän cuøng baèng IC thì ta thöôøng theâm AL tröôùc khi theâm LY.
- EX: - careful -> carefully ; quick -> quickly ; lucky -> luckily ; traditional -> traditionally ; effective - > effectively ; scientific -> scientifically
B. Moät soá tính töø taän cuøng baèng LY : lively, friendly, silly, lovely…
C. Well = in good health (khoeû) : How are you ? Very well, thank you.
D. Moät soá tính töø coù traïng töø khoâng ñoåi: fast -> fast ; late -> late ; hard -> hard ; far -> far ;
early -> early
E. Lately = recently : gaàn ñaây
Hardly + any/ anybody/ anyone/ anything/ anywhere= Hardly ever = almost never : haàu nhö khoâng
F. EXERCICES:
1 .Choose the correct form:
1.- I heard Daniel isn’t very ………….(good/ well)
- Well, he fell and hurt himself quite ………..(badly/ bad)
2. – There was a ……….(terrible/ terribly) accident on this road two days ago, wasn’t there?
- Yes, two people were killed and the driver of the car was …………(serious/ seriously) injured.
3. - The weather was so ……….awful/ awfully) yesterday.
- yes, it was raining quite ………..(heavy/ heavily) so we stayed at home all day.
4. You haven’t cleaned the floor ………….(proper/ properly). It still …………(dirty/ dirtily)
Oh, sorry. I is still…………..(dirty/ dirtily).
5. You didn’t look very ……….(happy/ happily) last night.
Well, I was disappointed that I did so ………..(bad/ badly) in the exam.
6. – Can you remember what happen?
- I can’t remember …….(clear/ clearly).It all happened so ………(sudden/ suddenly)
7. Don’t go up that ladder. It doesn’t look ……….(safe/ safely)
- Don’t worry. I’ll climb …………(careful/ carefully).
8. Did you go to Sally’s birthday party?
- Yes, It was really a ………..(cheerful/ cheerfully) party. Everybody at the party was …….. (colorful/ colorfully) dressed.
9. – Why do you look so …..(nervous/ nervously)?
- Oh, my! I’ve just got a mistake. I interrupted my boss while he was on the phone, and he looked at me ……..(angry/ angrily) when I interrupted him.
10. – Have you seen Richard ………..(recent/ recently)?
- yes, I just met him at Rose’s party two days ago. He seemed very (unhappy/ unhappily). He smiled …………..(sad/ sadly) at me when he saw me.
11. I am staying in a very (comfortable/ comfortably) hotel in the South of France, near a (nicely/ nice) beach. Unfortunately, it has been very (coldly/ cold) and the hotel itself is very (expensive/ expensively).
12. Another problem is that the chief cooks (badly/ bad). The food is not (delicious/ deliciously) and I have been (hungry/ hungrily) most of the time because I have had (great/ greatly) difficulty in finding anything (suitable/ suitably) on the menu.
13. However, I have been very impressed by the (beautifully/ beautiful) surroundings and the (kind/ kindly) people. It is true that I have suffered a bit from boredom but I always do when I’m not (fully/ full) occupied. Sometimes I feel (sleepy/ sleepily) in the middle of the day and have a (shortly/ short) nap, which I am very (thankfully/ thankful )for. Unfortunately, I sleep quite (bad/ badly) at night because the people in the room next to me snore (terribly/ terrible).
14. Anyway, I’m leaving this Friday. The driver will (probable/ probably) take me two or three days as long as the traffic isn’t too (bad/ badly). I’ll get in touch (immediately/ immediate) as soon as I get home and maybe we can arrange to meet up for the meal.
2. Put in the adverbs:
1. Emma’s toothache was terrible. Emma’s tooth ached …………………………..
2. Henry was angry. Henry shouted ……………………………..
3. I’m happy sitting here. I can sit here …………………………………………..
4. He was very thoughtful standing there. He stood there ………………………………………..
5. The children seemed cheerful. The children played …………………………………
6. The switch is automatic. The machine switches itself off …………………………………
7. James is very good at speaking English. James speaks English ……………………………..
8. The debate should be public. We need to debate the matter ……………………………..
9. She was charming. She walked ……………………. In front of the audience.
10. Everyone was enthusiastic. Everyone discussed the idea ……………………………
11. The man had a soft voice. The man spoke …………………………..
12. Claire wears expensive clothes. Claire dresses ………………………
13. The runners made a low start. They started the race ……………………….
14. The building has to be secure. Did you lock all the doors ………………
15. I had a strange dream last night. I dreamed …………………………………….
II. ADVERB CLAUSES OF REASON: BECAUSE, SINCE, AS:
A .Because/ As/ Since + Clause :
- We decided to leave early because/ as/ since the party was boring.
B . Because of + noun/ noun phrase:
- We cancelled our flight because the weather was bad.
-> We cancelled our flight because of the bad weather.
C . Exercises:
1. Combine these sentences using BECAUSE/ AS/ SINCE:
0. I’m going to the post office. I have some postcards to send
-> I’m going to the post office because/ as/ since I have some postcards to send
1. Jane was worried. She stayed at home alone.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Tom couldn’t get the job. He was not confident during the interview.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. I have to work extra hours. I want to help support my family.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. We adore him. He is very talented.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. She has to depend on us. She is an orphan.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. I enjoy reading books. They help broaden my knowledge of the world.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Don’t believe him. He is always being a liar.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. I haven’t finished my assignments yet. I don’t have enough materials.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. You must do it right now. It’s very urgent.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. I feel attracted to her. Her voice is very sweet.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Supply either BECAUSE or BECAUSE OF :
1. It was difficult to deliver the letter …………………………..the wrong address.
2. We have to cut down on our driving ………………………….there is an oil shortage.
3. Rescue attempts were temporarily stopped …………………..the bad weather.
4. They visited their friends often ……………………….they enjoyed their company.
5. Paul could not go to the football game …………………………his illness.
6. Marcella was awarded a scholarship …………………………her superior ability.
7. Nobody ventured outdoors …………………………the hurricane warnings.
8. We plan to spend our vacation in the mountains………………….the air is purer there.
9. We have to drive around the bay …………………………the bridge was destroyed in the storm.
10. The chickens have died ………………………..the intense heat.
3.Join the following pairs of sentences using because and because of:
1. He didn’t go to school. It was raining .
-> He didn’t go to school because it was raining.
-> He didn’t go to school because of the rain.
2. The student arrived late. There was a traffic jam.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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3. We decided to leave early. The party was boring.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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4. It was a public holiday. All the shops were shut.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. I lost my job. I was ill.
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